Diabetes Mellitus

Exercise Guidelines

* Regular exercise can assist in the daily regulation of blood glucose levels. Regular exercise helps lessen cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, insulin resistance, unfavourable lipid levels) that are associated with diabetes.

* Obtain physician approval before commencing exercise, especially if you have not been active for a long period of time and/or have co-existing conditions such as heart disease, kidney failure.

* Blood glucose levels should be monitored before and after physical activity and take recommended action if levels are unfavourable. Consult with your physician to determine appropriate levels.

* If microvascular (e.g. eye disease) or macrovascular (e.g. heart disease) conditions are present take the necessary precautions as outlined by your physician.

* Should always wear a medical ID bracelet.

* If using insulin injections to control diabetes, make injections into non-active muscle area on days of exercise.

* Make sure that those around you (e.g. trainer) are fully aware of your condition and the signs of complications (e.g. dizziness associated with hypoglycaemia). It is best to exercise with a partner, especially at the beginning of an exercise program.

* If your diabetes is accompanied by heart disease you should have a stress test under professional supervision.

* It is recommended that diabetics exercise for at least 30 minutes each day to promote optimum glucose control. The intensity needs to be determined by the individuals physical health and degree of fitness.

* Weight training should be emphasized in addition to cardiovascular training. This will function to increase the storage area for glucose via increased lean body mass. This will also help with weight loss by increasing metabolic rate.

* Wear good shoes to reduce the chance of foot sores.

Nutrition Guidelines

* It is highly recommended that diabetics receive counselling from a registered dietitian who specializes in diabetes nutrition education.

* Diabetics should follow a heart healthy diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats and beneficial fats (mono and polyunsaturated).

* An adequate amount of fibre can help prevent sudden rises in blood sugars. Each meal should contain sources of fibre (e.g. whole grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes).

* The diet should be limited in the amount of processed foods and foods with a lot of added sugar (e.g. pop, candies).

* Those requiring insulin to control diabetes must match their insulin amounts to the amount of carbohydrates in meals/snacks.

* It is recommended that diabetics consume a snack prior to exercising to help prevent drops in blood sugar.

* Diabetics should have a source of sugar available during exercise in case of hypoglycaemia.